What Is a Need
A need is the state a user wants to reach in a given situation. It isn't the sentence the user says, nor the feature you plan to build.
What you'll run into
- 照着用户说的做完了,他还是不满意
- 功能一个个加上去,产品越来越重,问题还在
- 两个用户提的需求互相打架,不知道该听谁的
What the user says is the solution they can think of, not their problem. They're used to Excel, so they ask for export; they've seen this button in another app, so they want it too. Treat that sentence as the need, and what you build will forever trail behind someone else's imagination.
Six traits of a need
These six traits explain why needs are so hard to handle.
| 特征 | 对你意味着什么 |
|---|---|
| 源于现实 | 需求受技术和环境限制。通讯的需求没变过,但从书信变成了即时消息 |
| 因人而异 | 同一个功能,两个人要的东西可能完全不同。所以要问具体的人 |
| 不断发展 | 满足了会长出新的。今天的惊喜是明天的标配 |
| 相互关联 | 一个需求满足不了时,人会用别的方式补偿。这是替代方案的来源 |
| 有层次 | 低层的没满足,高层的就不成立。刚失业的人不会先考虑自我实现 |
| 会冲突 | 一批人要功能多,一批人要打开快。冲突不可能全解决,只能选边 |
Which categories actually matter
There are a dozen-plus ways to classify needs. The three that actually change your decision day to day are these.
显性
已经明确提出来的
潜在
他自己都还没意识到
显性需求你在竞品上都能看到,潜在需求才是差异化的来源
有效
有意愿也有能力买单
无效
想要,但不会为它付出
「我会用的」和「我会付钱」之间隔着一整条鸿沟
功能性
这个东西要能做什么。写需求时大部分人只写这一半
非功能性
多快、多稳、多好用。漏掉这一半,AI 生成的东西演示能过、上线就垮
