做产品 PMaker
空格的键盘
你的产品 提供的价值 用的人自己付 订阅 · 买断 · 增值功能 广告主付 用户免费,注意力被卖掉 交易双方付 抽佣 · 撮合费 企业买单 按席位 · 按用量 · 私有化 收入 > 成本 而且这个差值随规模变大 才叫商业模式成立

商业模式只回答一件事:谁,为什么,愿意为这个价值付钱。用的人和付钱的人经常不是同一拨。

Common Business Models

A business model isn't "how do you make money"—it's "who's willing to pay, why they pay, and whether you earn more or less as you scale."

After reading, you can answer
  • 为什么有的产品用户越多越赚钱,有的越多越亏
  • 免费产品的钱到底从哪儿来
  • 你自己做的东西,最现实的收钱方式是哪一种

Six ways to charge

方式谁付钱成立的前提最容易死在哪
订阅 用的人自己 价值要持续产生,不是一次性的 用户用一个月就解决了问题
买断 用的人自己 东西够好,一次性掏钱不心疼 没有持续收入,得不停拉新
增值 其中一小撮人 免费版够用,付费版有明确的多一层 免费版太好用,或者太难用
广告 广告主 用户量和停留时长都要够大 量不够,单价低到不够养活自己
抽佣 交易双方 平台上真的在发生交易 撮合完两边私下成交,绕过你
企业采购 公司 能算出替他省了多少钱或多赚了多少 决策链太长,一单要谈半年
The three viable models share one trait: you don't need to build scale first—the very first customer can already generate revenue. That's also why almost every indie developer builds tools.

Free isn't free

"Free" is a pricing strategy, not the absence of charging. Someone else just pays.

用户这一侧
免费使用
不花钱,花时间和注意力
交出去的是:使用时长、行为数据、以及愿意看广告的耐心
付钱这一侧
广告主 / 付费会员
买的是前面那批人的注意力
用户规模越大,这一侧的单价越高
The three viable models share one trait: you don't need to build scale first—the very first customer can already generate revenue. That's also why almost every indie developer builds tools.

Four things that decide success or failure

Same model, opposite outcomes. The difference almost always comes down to these four.

概念意思对你的产品意味着什么
边际成本 多服务一个用户,多花多少钱 软件接近于零所以能规模化;AI 产品不为零,这是新变量
网络效应 用的人越多,对每个人越有价值 有就是护城河,没有就得靠不停投放买增长
长尾 冷门需求加起来也是一大块 货架不要钱的时候,小众品类反而是机会
信息不对称 交易双方掌握的信息不一样多 很多平台的价值就是把这个差抹平,抹平之后再抽佣
The three viable models share one trait: you don't need to build scale first—the very first customer can already generate revenue. That's also why almost every indie developer builds tools.

How one person collects money

Filter the six models by "can a single person run this end to end," and not many survive.

现实可行 订阅 / 买断 工具类,直接跟用的人收 增值 免费获客,少数人付费 小企业采购 单价高,不需要多少客户 基本别想 广告 要百万级用户才够养活 抽佣 要先把两边的人凑齐 大企业采购 一单谈半年,你撑不到
The three viable models share one trait: you don't need to build scale first—the very first customer can already generate revenue. That's also why almost every indie developer builds tools.

The validation method is unglamorous but it works: before you build anything, find five people who match the description and ask what they currently spend—in money or time—to solve this. If the answer is zero, the model probably doesn't hold.